![]() Feared more reprisals by slaves (like Nat Turner’s revolt) 2. Nat Turner’s revolt - 1831 Southern white paranoia 1. Denmark Vesey, a mulatto in Charleston, devised the largest revolt ever in 1822. 4. Slaves and the slave system (the "Peculiar Institution") Slave Revolts 1. Many attempted to escape THE SLAVERY ISSUE Slaves often insidiously sabotaged their master’s system Denied an education since seen as dangerous to give slaves ideas of freedom Slaves deprived of dignity and sense of responsibility that free people have, suffered cruel physical and psychological treatment, and were ultimately convinced that they were inferior and deserved their lot in life. ![]() Slaves and the slave system (the "Peculiar Institution") Burdens of slavery Afro-American slave culture developed THE SLAVERY ISSUE Life in the newly emerging western areas particularly harsh (LA, TX, MS, AL) Punishment often brutal to send a message to other slaves not to defy master’s authority Slaves seen as valuable assets and primary source of wealth Nearly 4 million slaves by 1860 quadrupled in number since 1800 Repelled large-scale European immigration THE SLAVERY ISSUE Risky : Slaves might die of disease, injure themselves, or run away. Economic structure of South was monopolistic, dominated by wealthy plantation owners.Slaves and the slave system (the "Peculiar Institution") Produced less than 20% of South’s industrial products THE SLAVERY ISSUE Of all who owned more than 20 slaves in South: 62% Ultra-wealthy = 85% Less than 2% of blacks free only 15% of South’s free blacks Disunionists (secessionists) would prevail after Lincoln was elected Plantations prevalent cotton was king grew 95% of Dixie’s cotton & almost all of its sugar, rice, and indigo The Three South’s: Lower South: South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas Of all who owned more than 20 slaves in South: 32% Ultra-wealthy = 14% THE SLAVERY ISSUE Many plantations in eastern Virginia and western Tennessee Unionists would prevail after Lincoln elected Disunionists would prevail after war began Each state had one section resembling more the Border South and another resembling the Lower South. The Three South's:Middle South: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Produced over 50% of South’s industrial products (e.g., Tredegar Iron Works in VA) THE SLAVERY ISSUE Of all who owned more than 20 slaves in South: 6% Ultra-wealthy = 1% 1850, over 21% of Border South’s blacks free 46% of South’s free blacks Unionists would overcome Disunionists during and after the Civil War. Plantations scarcer cotton cultivation almost nonexistent Tobacco main slave crop (as in Middle South) More grain production (as in Middle South) ![]() The Three South's: Border South: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, & Missouri Cotton accounted for 50% of all American exports after 1840. For a time, prosperity of both North and South rested on slave labor 3. Cotton exported to England $ from sale of cotton used to buy northern goods 2. Cotton Kingdom developed into a huge agricultural factory Impact: Cotton production now profitable 50x more effective than picking cotton by hand.
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